If you’re experiencing bleeding after sex, speak to a professional. It could be an early sign of something more sinister.
Following cervical cancer prevention week, one of the key takeaways is to get a definite answer as soon as possible. By identifying cervical cancer early, the higher the chances are of having a successful treatment and recovery. Bleeding after sexual intercourse is also known as postcoital bleeding. While this is a concerning symptom for many individuals, it is important to note that there are several potential causes and it does not necessarily indicate a serious underlying condition.
To help you understand postcoital bleeding further, this blog will discuss the various causes, methods of prevention, and what actions should be taken. However, the link between postcoital bleeding and cervical cancer cannot be ignored and the signs and symptoms, risk factors, and screening recommendations will also be explained.
Why am I Bleeding After Sex?
A common cause of postcoital bleeding is cervicitis, the inflammation of the cervix. Inflammation in this area can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea. Many are advised to have an STI test, to see whether this could be a factor. For some, however, their bleeding may be caused by their choice of birth control. Irritation can cause cervicitis where diaphragms or cervical caps are used. It is worth exploring alternative methods of contraception if this is the case.
Another potential cause of postcoital bleeding is an injury to the cervix. These tears can occur during intercourse or as a result of certain types of medical procedures, such as a biopsy or a colposcopy. In some cases, the bleeding may also be caused by a cervical or vaginal polyp, which is a small, benign growth on the cervix or in the vagina.
In rare cases, postcoital bleeding may be a symptom of cervical cancer. It is important to note that cervical cancer typically does not cause symptoms in its early stages, so the presence of postcoital bleeding alone is not sufficient to diagnose the condition. However, individuals who experience bleeding after sex should be evaluated by a medical professional to rule out any underlying conditions.
Causes of Postcoital Bleeding
If you are worried about bleeding after sex, below is an overview of the cause to be aware of. But, as with other medical concerns, book an appointment with a GP to get a professional diagnosis.
- Vaginal dryness: When the vagina is not lubricated enough, it can lead to friction and bleeding during intercourse.
- Cervical or vaginal infections: Some infections, such as herpes, chlamydia, or gonorrhoea, can cause bleeding after intercourse.
- Cervical or vaginal injuries: Any kind of injury to the cervix or vagina, such as a tear or abrasion, can cause bleeding.
- Polyps or growths in the cervix or vagina: Noncancerous growths such as polyps, can also cause postcoital bleeding.
- Cervical or endometrial cancer: Though rare, postcoital bleeding can be a sign of cervical or endometrial cancer.
What to do if you’re Bleeding After Intercourse?
If you experience postcoital bleeding, it is important to see a medical professional for an evaluation. This may include a pelvic exam, a Pap smear, and/or other diagnostic tests to determine the cause of the bleeding. If cervical cancer is suspected, further testing, such as a biopsy, may be necessary.
It’s important to note that if you experience postcoital bleeding and you have an STI, it’s important to inform your partner and seek treatment to avoid re-infection or spreading the infection.
How to Prevent Bleeding after Intercourse?
To prevent postcoital bleeding, it is important to practise safe sex and to use protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This can include the use of condoms, which can help to protect against both STIs and pregnancy. In addition, it is important to maintain good overall health and avoid smoking, which can increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Another preventative measure is to undergo regular cervical cancer screenings, such as a Pap smear or an HPV test. These tests can help to detect cervical cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable. Additionally, it’s important to stay up to date with recommended cervical cancer screenings as per the guidelines of your healthcare provider.
Preventing postcoital bleeding:
- Use lubricants during intercourse
- Avoid sexual activities that may be too rough or cause pain
- Practise safe sex
- Get regular Pap smears and pelvic exams
The Risks
Experiencing bleeding after sex can be a warning of another health condition; however, it is not always so ominous. Finding out what is causing this unexpected bleeding is always recommended; let a professional put your mind at ease and get you started on the necessary cause of treatment.
The level of risk varies with women who are pregnant and those who have gone through the menopause. But, ruling out the possibility of cervical cancer or otherwise is still the advised course of action.
When Pregnant
While any unexpected bleeding can be concerning, during pregnancy a small amount of irregular bleeding can be natural and nothing to worry about. When pregnant, your cervix will produce more blood vessels than normal, meaning a little bleeding can occur. A chat with your midwife or GP can help clear up any concerns you may have.
When Postmenopausal
Any postmenopausal bleeding, post-sex or otherwise, is not a normal occurrence. If you are experiencing any irregular bleeding, arrange an appointment to speak to your GP.
Postcoital Bleeding and Cervical Cancer
As mentioned earlier, postcoital bleeding can be a symptom of cervical cancer, although it’s not always the case. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the lower part of the uterus, the cervix, that connects to the vagina. Its most common cause is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a type of sexually transmitted infection.
Every year in the UK, 3197 people are diagnosed and, tragically, there are approximately 850 deaths. The signs and symptoms of cervical cancer are not always obvious, and in its early stages, cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at all. Cervical cancer prevention week hopes to raise awareness of this illness to encourage women to get themselves tested and catch their diagnosis early. On a more positive note, 99.8% of all cervical cancer cases in the UK are preventable.
One sign that could indicate cervical cancer is present is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to speak to a GP and arrange a screening if bleeding after sex occurs.
Getting Tested
Did you know, women aged between 25 and 29 are the highest risk group for cervical cancer? Approximately 9 new cases are diagnosed each day in the UK. Attending regular smear tests is important if you fall into this high-risk group, however, should also be maintained for women up until the age of 64. Therefore, many women choose to arrange additional cervical smear screening appointments in addition to those that are offered as part of the NHS cervical smear programme, especially those who fall outside the age range.
Our GPs Can Help
To ensure you are not left worrying any longer than you need to be, we aim to get all smear test results back within 5 days. We know and appreciate that many people do not enjoy attending these appointments, so we endeavour your smear test is as stress-free and smooth as possible. Get in touch with our GPs to find out more information about our screening service.