Over 1 million older UK adults are estimated to be malnourished or at risk of malnourishment. If someone isn’t getting enough of the right nutrients, they may experience mental and physical decline. In older adults, this can lead to a number of health issues, such as a weakened immune system, muscle weakness, fractures and falls.
But the real issue is that malnourished individuals may be overweight or underweight, making it difficult to tell just by looking at them. That is why, in light of Malnutrition Week (17th – 23rd November), Dr Rupa Parmar, GP and Medical Director at Midland Health, is revealing the key warning signs to look out for.
10 Signs to Look Out For
“It’s pretty difficult to determine if someone is malnourished based on their weight alone. They may be underweight, or even overweight or obese, but still lacking crucial nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
“If you are worried about an older loved one, here are the key signs and symptoms of malnutrition you should really be looking out for:
- Unplanned Weight Loss – This is a big red flag. If an older adult is losing weight without trying to, this should prompt a conversation with a doctor
- Loss of Appetite – They may start having less of an appetite overall or may only eat very small amounts during meals
- Difficulty Eating – It’s wise to check if they are struggling to chew or swallow their food. In some cases, this may be related to dental issues, such as loose dentures
- Tiredness and Weakness – They may be feeling significantly more tired, weak, or lethargic than usual. This may also present as general muscle weakness.
- Constantly Getting Sick – Malnutrition can weaken the immune system, making them more vulnerable to illnesses or infections
- Slow Healing – If they have a wound, it may take much longer than expected to heal
- Easy Bruising – Bruising easily may also be a warning sign of malnutrition
- Swelling – It’s a good idea to watch for any swelling or fluid build-up in the body
- Irritability or Depression – Irritability or signs of depression can also be symptoms of malnutrition
- Dehydration – Dehydration is very closely linked to malnutrition, and they usually happen at the same time, leading to further health issues such as constipation and urinary tract infections
“If you notice any of these signs, it’s crucial to speak to a doctor or healthcare professional right away. Early detection is key to preventing health issues, such as a higher risk of infection, longer recovery times from illness, and loss of muscle mass.”
Why Malnutrition is More Common In Elderly People and How to Prevent It
“When it comes to malnutrition in ageing adults, the root is usually a combination of things, not just one issue.
“While we may require fewer calories as we start getting older, the need for essential vitamins and minerals remains the same and, in some cases, can even increase.
“Naturally, our ability to smell, taste, and maintain a healthy appetite declines as we age. If food doesn’t taste or smell good, we may be less motivated to eat. That’s why it’s a good idea to add herbs and spices to make meals more appealing and exciting. If the overall appetite is low, you should encourage smaller meals spaced throughout the day.
“If dental health problems, such as loose dentures, are making eating painful or even tiring, it’s important to get your loved one to see a dentist. If swallowing is a concern, make sure they drink plenty of liquids with each meal. It is also worth alerting their doctor so the cause can be investigated further.
“Sadly, many older adults are managing serious conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, or chronic pain. Plus, if they are taking a number of prescription medications, this may suppress their appetite or affect the body’s ability to absorb necessary nutrients. In some cases, switching to full-fat foods can help. But more importantly, you should talk to your loved one’s doctor about reviewing their medication or adjusting any restricted diets that may be causing insufficient nutrient intake.
“On top of that, becoming less mobile can make simple tasks like getting to the shops, carrying groceries, or cooking feel like a huge effort. Not to mention, for many of us, eating is a social activity. When an older person is isolated or usually eats alone, they may lose interest in cooking and eating.
“So, it makes sense to prepare meals and cook large batches of stews or soups, freezing them in individual portions for easy reheating. If the physical act of cooking has become too difficult, a doctor can recommend an occupational therapist to find ways to make food preparation easier. You may also want to have more meals together as a family, or look into dinners and social events hosted at nearby senior centres.”
