Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening bacterial infection that affects around 40 people every year in the UK. Anyone can get TSS, but it is most common when linked to tampon use or menstruation.
Recently, a 31-year-old Mom from Essex revealed that last year, she had shown the early signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome after agonising pain during sex led her to the GP, who found a tampon that had been there for over six weeks.
Data collected from NHS Trusts through the Freedom of Information Act by Midland Health identified at least 8 confirmed cases of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) linked to tampon use or menstruation across the UK in the past five years.
But this figure is expected to be much higher in reality. Many NHS Trusts said they were unable to provide full data because these cases are not consistently recorded. In particular, there is no specific NHS coding that routinely identifies when TSS is associated with tampon use or menstruation.
Dr Rupa Parmar, GP and Medical Director of Midland Health, wants to raise awareness of Toxic Shock Syndrome and its effects. Dr Parmar said, “As with anything, prevention is key, so knowing the symptoms and risk factors is crucial. Though Toxic Shock Syndrome affects just a few people each year, it is still something to be aware of.”
Know the symptoms
Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome appear quickly and severely. They include high temperatures, feeling extremely hot or extremely cold and shivery, muscle aches and pains, a raised sandpaper-like skin rash, and flu-like symptoms.
Check for tampons
Symptoms of a tampon still being inside include unusual brown or bloody discharge, a strong and unpleasant odour, itching, or pain during sex or urination. If you cannot remove the tampon yourself, seek medical help as soon as possible, especially if you have a fever.
Follow the instructions
Using super-absorbent tampons, menstrual cups, or barrier contraceptives for a long period of time increases the risk of TSS. Never keep a tampon in or a pad on for more than eight hours (preferably change them every 4 hours), or diaphragms or contraceptive sponges in for longer than 12 hours. Alternate between pads and tampons and, if possible, use less-absorbent tampons.
Keep injuries clean
Though less common than TSS linked to menstruation or tampon use, bacterial infections from cuts, burns, insect bites, and surgical scars can lead to Toxic Shock Syndrome. Always keep injuries clean and disinfected to minimise your risk.
Be vigilant
If you’ve had Toxic Shock Syndrome in the past, your chances of getting it again are higher. It’s wise to avoid using tampons, caps, or diaphragms to lessen your risk. Other people with a higher risk include those with diabetes, a weak immune system, chronic lung disease, or heart disease.
